The loosening of American culture over 200 years is associated with a creativity-order trade-off.
Identifieur interne : 000444 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000443; suivant : 000445The loosening of American culture over 200 years is associated with a creativity-order trade-off.
Auteurs : Joshua Conrad Jackson [États-Unis] ; Michele Gelfand [États-Unis] ; Soham De [États-Unis] ; Amber Fox [États-Unis]Source :
- Nature human behaviour [ 2397-3374 ] ; 2019.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adolescent (MeSH), Brevets comme sujet (statistiques et données numériques), Conformisme social (MeSH), Crime (ethnologie), Créativité (MeSH), Culture (sociologie) (MeSH), Facteurs socioéconomiques (MeSH), Femelle (MeSH), Films (statistiques et données numériques), Grossesse (MeSH), Grossesse de l'adolescente (ethnologie), Humains (MeSH), Linguistique (MeSH), Livres (MeSH), Mégadonnées (MeSH), Normes sociales (ethnologie), États-Unis (ethnologie).
- MESH :
- ethnologie : Crime, Grossesse de l'adolescente, Normes sociales, États-Unis.
- statistiques et données numériques : Brevets comme sujet, Films.
- Adolescent, Conformisme social, Créativité, Culture (sociologie), Facteurs socioéconomiques, Femelle, Grossesse, Humains, Linguistique, Livres, Mégadonnées.
- Wicri :
- geographic : États-Unis.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent (MeSH), Big Data (MeSH), Books (MeSH), Creativity (MeSH), Crime (ethnology), Culture (MeSH), Female (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Linguistics (MeSH), Motion Pictures (statistics & numerical data), Patents as Topic (statistics & numerical data), Pregnancy (MeSH), Pregnancy in Adolescence (ethnology), Social Conformity (MeSH), Social Norms (ethnology), Socioeconomic Factors (MeSH), United States (ethnology).
- MESH :
- geographic , ethnology : United States.
- ethnology : Crime, Pregnancy in Adolescence, Social Norms.
- statistics & numerical data : Motion Pictures, Patents as Topic.
- Adolescent, Big Data, Books, Creativity, Culture, Female, Humans, Linguistics, Pregnancy, Social Conformity, Socioeconomic Factors.
Abstract
For many years, scientists have studied culture by comparing societies, regions or social groups within a single point in time. However, culture is always changing, and this change affects the evolution of cognitive processes and behavioural practices across and within societies. Studies have now documented historical changes in sexism1, individualism2,3, language use4 and music preferences5 within the United States and around the world6. Here we build on these efforts by examining changes in cultural tightness-looseness (the strength of cultural norms and tolerance for deviance) over time, using the United States as a case study. We first develop a new linguistic measure to measure historical changes in tightness-looseness. Analyses show that America grew progressively less tight (i.e., looser) from 1800 to 2000. We next examine how changes in tightness-looseness relate to four indicators of societal order: debt (adjusted for inflation), adolescent pregnancies and crime, and high school attendance, as well as four indicators of creative output: registered patents, trademarks, feature films produced, and baby-naming conformity. We find that cultural tightness correlates negatively with each measure of creativity, and correlates positively with three out of four measures of societal order (fewer adolescent pregnancies, less debt and higher levels of school attendance). These findings imply that the historical loosening of American culture was associated with a trade-off between higher creativity but lower order.
DOI: 10.1038/s41562-018-0516-z
PubMed: 30953010
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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et données numériques)</term><term>Grossesse (MeSH)</term><term>Grossesse de l'adolescente (ethnologie)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Linguistique (MeSH)</term><term>Livres (MeSH)</term><term>Mégadonnées (MeSH)</term><term>Normes sociales (ethnologie)</term><term>États-Unis (ethnologie)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="ethnology" xml:lang="en"><term>United States</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="ethnologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Crime</term><term>Grossesse de l'adolescente</term><term>Normes sociales</term><term>États-Unis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="ethnology" xml:lang="en"><term>Crime</term><term>Pregnancy in Adolescence</term><term>Social Norms</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>Motion Pictures</term><term>Patents as Topic</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistiques et données numériques" 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time. However, culture is always changing, and this change affects the evolution of cognitive processes and behavioural practices across and within societies. Studies have now documented historical changes in sexism<sup>1</sup>, individualism<sup>2,3</sup>, language use<sup>4</sup> and music preferences<sup>5</sup> within the United States and around the world<sup>6</sup>. Here we build on these efforts by examining changes in cultural tightness-looseness (the strength of cultural norms and tolerance for deviance) over time, using the United States as a case study. We first develop a new linguistic measure to measure historical changes in tightness-looseness. Analyses show that America grew progressively less tight (i.e., looser) from 1800 to 2000. We next examine how changes in tightness-looseness relate to four indicators of societal order: debt (adjusted for inflation), adolescent pregnancies and crime, and high school attendance, as well as four indicators of creative output: registered patents, trademarks, feature films produced, and baby-naming conformity. We find that cultural tightness correlates negatively with each measure of creativity, and correlates positively with three out of four measures of societal order (fewer adolescent pregnancies, less debt and higher levels of school attendance). These findings imply that the historical loosening of American culture was associated with a trade-off between higher creativity but lower order.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">30953010</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2019</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>21</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>14</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2397-3374</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>3</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><PubDate><Year>2019</Year><Month>03</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Nature human behaviour</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Nat Hum Behav</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>The loosening of American culture over 200 years is associated with a creativity-order trade-off.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>244-250</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1038/s41562-018-0516-z</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>For many years, scientists have studied culture by comparing societies, regions or social groups within a single point in time. However, culture is always changing, and this change affects the evolution of cognitive processes and behavioural practices across and within societies. Studies have now documented historical changes in sexism<sup>1</sup>, individualism<sup>2,3</sup>, language use<sup>4</sup> and music preferences<sup>5</sup> within the United States and around the world<sup>6</sup>. Here we build on these efforts by examining changes in cultural tightness-looseness (the strength of cultural norms and tolerance for deviance) over time, using the United States as a case study. We first develop a new linguistic measure to measure historical changes in tightness-looseness. Analyses show that America grew progressively less tight (i.e., looser) from 1800 to 2000. We next examine how changes in tightness-looseness relate to four indicators of societal order: debt (adjusted for inflation), adolescent pregnancies and crime, and high school attendance, as well as four indicators of creative output: registered patents, trademarks, feature films produced, and baby-naming conformity. We find that cultural tightness correlates negatively with each measure of creativity, and correlates positively with three out of four measures of societal order (fewer adolescent pregnancies, less debt and higher levels of school attendance). These findings imply that the historical loosening of American culture was associated with a trade-off between higher creativity but lower order.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jackson</LastName><ForeName>Joshua Conrad</ForeName><Initials>JC</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2947-9815</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. joshcj@live.unc.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gelfand</LastName><ForeName>Michele</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9780-9230</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. mgelfand@umd.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>De</LastName><ForeName>Soham</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fox</LastName><ForeName>Amber</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University, Rockville, MD, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016422">Letter</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013486">Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2019</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>28</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Nat Hum 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MajorTopicYN="N">Crime</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000208" MajorTopicYN="N">ethnology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003469" MajorTopicYN="Y">Culture</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008037" MajorTopicYN="Y">Linguistics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009040" MajorTopicYN="N">Motion Pictures</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="N">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010330" MajorTopicYN="N">Patents as Topic</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="N">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011247" 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name="États-Unis"><region name="Caroline du Nord"><name sortKey="Jackson, Joshua Conrad" sort="Jackson, Joshua Conrad" uniqKey="Jackson J" first="Joshua Conrad" last="Jackson">Joshua Conrad Jackson</name></region><name sortKey="De, Soham" sort="De, Soham" uniqKey="De S" first="Soham" last="De">Soham De</name><name sortKey="Fox, Amber" sort="Fox, Amber" uniqKey="Fox A" first="Amber" last="Fox">Amber Fox</name><name sortKey="Gelfand, Michele" sort="Gelfand, Michele" uniqKey="Gelfand M" first="Michele" last="Gelfand">Michele Gelfand</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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